A Study on Prevalence of Selected Mental Disorders (Anxiety, Depression, Dementia) Among Residents of Old Age Home in Jabalpur City, Madhya Pradesh, India

Introduction: Ageing is a normal phenomenon and an inescapable process. According to WHO. World-wide over 20% of adults aged 60 and over suffer from a mental or neurological disorder and according to the National Mental Health Survey of India (2015-16) the prevalence of mental disorders in geriatric population in our country is 10.90%. Thus, this study aims to assess anxiety, depression and cognitive disorders among persons living in OAH and to explore the various factors associated with it. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in OAH Jabalpur. All residents of OAH were included in the study so no need for sampling. The sample size was 73. A Predesigned semi-structured Questionnaire was used which comprised of the socio-demographic profile with using GAD-7, GDS-15 & MMSE-30 for screening of psychiatric morbidity. Data analysis was done by using IBM SPSS-23. Results: The result shows the mean age of the study subject was 72.14 ±7.48. The prevalence of Anxiety was 19.2%, prevalence of depression was 41.1% and prevalence of cognitive impairment was 23.3%. Conclusion: In this study it was found out that substantial proportion of older adults were suffering from anxiety, depression and cognitive impairment, most of older adults were widowed and there is a need to provide psychological support, a positive environment and proper care to improve mental health.

Comparing the Effectiveness of Case Based Learning with Conventional Teaching in Anatomy

Introduction: Case based learning (CBL ) is an efficient method of making dry subject like anatomy interesting and student centered. Subjects and Methods: A group of students of 1st MBBs were taught by CBL while the other group was taught by conventional teaching methods and both the groups were assessed for their performance. Results: Students had a better understanding of the topic on being taught by CBL. Conclusion: CBL is a good approach to teach anatomy to medical students as it makes the subject quite lively and clinically oriented.

Clinical and laboratory repercussions in patient with hemoglobin SD-Punjab disease: a case report / Repercussões clínicas e laboratoriais em paciente com hemoglobinopatia SD-Punjab: relato de caso

ABSTRACT We report the first case of hemoglobin SD-Punjab disease, a rare form of sickle-cell disease, in the state of Bahia. Detection was possible by a test for the identification of hemoglobin (Hb) variants with the high-resolution liquid chromatography technique. By means of the molecular study of chromosomal polymorphism with beta-globin S gene, the Bantu haplotype was observed. According to studies, there is strong association between the prevalence of Bantu haplotype and reduced levels of fetal Hb and Hb D-Punjab as a stimulating factor for S polymerization, what contributes to the hematological disorders of the disease and organ damage, as gallstones and aseptic necrosis of the femoral head.

RESUMO Reportamos o primeiro caso de hemoglobinopatia SD-Punjab, uma forma rara da doença falciforme, no estado da Bahia. A detecção ocorreu pelo exame para identificação de hemoglobinas (Hb) variantes com técnica de cromatografia líquida de alta resolução. Através do estudo molecular do polimorfismo no cromossomo com gene da betaglobina S, verificou-se a presença do haplótipo Bantu. Segundo estudos, existe forte associação de prevalência do haplótipo Bantu e níveis reduzidos da Hb fetal e da Hb D-Punjab como fator de estímulo à polimerização da S, o que contribui para os distúrbios hematológicos da doença e a lesão de órgãos, como cálculos biliares e necrose asséptica de cabeça de fêmur.

Intestinal parasitosis among subjects undergoing cataract surgery at the eye camps in rural hilly areas of Nepal.

Present study investigated the intestinal parasitosis among 221 subjects undergoing cataract surgery (M: 129 and F: 92; aged 13-86 years) at the eye camps in three rural hilly districts (Ramechhap, Sindhupalchok and Dhading) in 2006. Stool samples collected in clean, dry, screw capped plastic containers were examined locally by direct smear technique and anti-parasitic drugs were distributed to parasite positive subjects. The remaining stool samples were fixed with 10% formal-saline, transported to Shi-Gan Health Foundation/Nat'l Inst of Trop Med and Public Health Research, Kathmandu and re-examined by formal-ether sedimentation technique. A total of 148 samples (66.9%) were positive for some kind of intestinal parasites (F: 68.5% and M: 65.9%; P > 0.05). Ramechhap (Manthali) and Sindhupalchok (Chautara) had higher positive rate (71.8% and 70.7%, respectively) than in Dhading (Salyantar) (60.0%) (P > 0.05). Tibeto-Burman (indigenous nationalities) ethnic group had highest positive rate (70.1%) compared with Indo-Aryan (64.7%) and Dalits (57.7%). Subjects without toilet (latrine) had marginally higher positive rate (69.7%) than those having toilet at their home (65.5) (P> 0 .05). Age was independent of positive rate. Vegetarians had marginally higher parasitic infection rate compared to their non-vegetarian counterparts. Helminths were more common than protozoa. Overall, hookworm was the commonest parasite detected. However, Ascaris was common in Dhading District. Entamoeba histolytica was most common among protozoa and was followed by Cyclospora and others.

An experimental study of some indigenous drugs with special reference to hydraulic permeability.

The effect of commonly used indigenous drugs for hepatic disorders i.e. Tinospora cordifolia, (Guduchi/Amrita), Andrographis paniculata (Kalmegha), Picrorhiza kurroa (Kutki), Phyllantnus niruri (Bhoomyamalaki) and Berberis aristata (Daruharidra) was tested on the hydraulic permeability of water in the presence of bile salt through a transport cell model. The data on hydraulic permeability were calculated as t (time). JV = Lp x AP, where Lp = hydraulic conductivity and AP is the pressure difference. It was observed that the value of controlled hydraulic permeability (0.49 x 10(-8) M3 S(-1) N(-1)) decreased in the presence of indigenous drugs and bile salt. The results suggest that these drugs might have the cell membrane stabilizing property which may lead to prevention of the toxic effect of bile salts in various hepatic disorders.

Toxoplasma antibody prevalence in Nepalese pregnant women and women with bad obstetric history.

Sera from randomly selected 345 pregnant Nepalese women aged 16-36 years and 13 women with bad obstetric history (BOH) were tested for the presence of Toxoplasma antibodies using microlatex agglutination (MLA) and ELISA methods. The overall prevalence was 55.4% (191/345). Prevalence was slightly higher (59.0%) in older age-group (27-36 years) compared with younger age-group (16-26 years) (52.2%). No significant difference in antibody prevalence in women belonging to two different ethnic-groups (Tibeto-Burmans 57.8%, Indo-Aryans 52.7%) was observed (p>0.05). MLA antibody titer ranged from 1:16 to 1:2,048. Over three-fourth of the women showed either high (1:510 or over) or low (1:16 or 1:32) antibody titer. Three percent (6/191) of MLA antibody positive subjects had Toxoplasma IgM antibodies by IgM-ELISA. All six IgM antibody positive pregnant women had MLA antibody titer of over 1:510. Of the total 13 women with BOH, 5 (38.5%) had Toxoplasma antibodies of which 2 (40.0%) were positive for Toxoplasma-IgM antibodies.